Wednesday, December 11, 2019

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In the hospitality industry, a various range of tools have been used to execute a strategy. According to Philips and Louvieris (2005), Balanced Scorecard (BSc) model has been successfully applied since 1994 by Hilton Hotels. Other popular approaches have also been considered, for example, Six Sigma, contingency approach, system approach, stochastic frontier approach and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Recently, as a common trend, finance managers have taken the centre position in any corporate structure. Balanced Scorecard appeared as a fairly accurate measurement ecause it re-dimensioned the relative significance of Finance dimension. As an origin form of Balanced Scorecard, there are four dimensions which are Finance, Customer, Employee and Internal Process. All of these four dimensions are thought to be equally important, or balanced. Under these four dimensions, there are objectives and key results areas (KRAs). They are also considered to be equally crucial and balanced. The choices of objectives and KRAS to include them into the Balanced Scorecard are the key steps. Each sarcomere is made of overlapping filaments of actin and myosin, which create a distinct band pattern. As the muscle contracts, the sarcomeres shorten, and the appearance of the band pattern changes. When the uscle contracts, the sarcomere shortens. The H zone and the I band become much narrower, and the Z lines move toward the A band as if the actin filaments. When a muscle is stimulated, a short latent period follows, during which it is taking up the stimulus. It then contracts, where it becomes short and thick, and finally it relaxes and elongates. Muscles can also become fatigued meaning that if a muscle has being strenuously exercised for a prolonged period may lose its ability to contract. The interruption in the muscles blood supply or if ,lack of acetylcholine in motor neuron xons may cause fatigue , however fatigue is mostly arise from accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle as a result from a strenuous breathing. The lactic acid buildup lowers PH and as a result, muscle fibers no longer respond to excitability. On an occasion a muscle becomes fatigued and cramps build up at the same time. Cramps can cause abnormal stimulation of the muscle due to extracellular fluid surrounding the muscle fibers and their motor neurons. Temperature has an effect on the muscle, during the contractile process, the influence which a rise or fall of temperature will ave on muscular activity may be anticipated from the effects such changes would have on these separate processes. We know that for each rise often degrees in temperature chemical reactions are only increased in rate from two to three times while physical reactions are only increased once. The rate of development of an isometric twitch has a temperature coefficient of about 2. 5 for each ten degrees Centigrade, while the same coefficient for its subsidence is about 3. 6. The development of energy in contracting muscle is associated with a chemical change, the production of acid. The immediate neutralization of this acid is likewise a chemical reaction as is also the recovery phase ot the muscle. The mechanical changes undergone by the contracting muscle involve physical adjustments. Heat, then, within certain limits accelerates all phases of the muscular contraction; the latent period is shortened, the rapidity and effectiveness of the contraction are increased while the relaxation phase is especially accelerated. Cold has opposite effects. These again are most pronounced on the relaxation phase which becomes progressively slower and more prolonged as the temperature is lowered until a ritical minimum temperature is reached. At this temperature the properties of irritability and contractility are reversibly suspended. The most favorable temperature for muscular activity is about one degree above the normal body temperature. I observed three changes one being the hardness of the muscle, the buccinator seemed to have expanded and when I let go, the buccinator goes back to shape which shows that it can extract and retract. 2,As I extended the muscle would pull back and come together when flexed. And would get short as I did the action. ,The measurement of my upper arm was 28cm long ,then my new circumference was 26 cm.

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